CAPITAL DEFENSE WEEKLY

Leading off this edition is the Supreme Court's decision in Joseph Corcoran v. Levenhagen. The district court in this case granted habeas relief as to Mr. Corcoran’s death sentence due to a “Sixth Amendment violation,” and decided not to address the remaining claims of error asserted by Mr. Corcoran in his habeas petition “noting that they were ‘rendered moot’ by the order that Corcoran be resentenced because of the Sixth Amendment violation.” The State and Mr. Corcoran sought relief from the Seventh Circuit.  A panel of the Seventh Circuit denied relief on the Sixth Amendment claim, failed to address any other claims raised below, and remanded “with instructions to deny the writ.” The Court here holds that the Seventh Circuit erred in reversing a grant of habeas relief  on one claim without addressing the other claims or remanding the matter back to the district court to address any issues not ruled upon below.  The Court remands for the Seventh Circuit to explain why a remand to the district court was unnecessary or, failing an explanation, simply remanding the matter back to the district court to allow it to  address those claims.

In other developments, the Georgia Supreme Court in Kim McMichen v. Hall has remanded for a new finding on whether the allegedly false trial testimony by a key State's witness will require a new trial. The Mississippi Supreme Court in Anthony Doss v. State grants penalty phase relief holding that if "trial counsel had reviewed the records provided  [by counsel in another jurisdiction ] and had followed up with potential witnesses, he would have  uncovered mitigating evidence almost identical to that in Rompilla."  The Florida Supreme Court has modified its standard penalty phase sentencing instruction, In re Std. Jury Instructions, in light of the ABA's recommendations on Florida's death penalty.

In Texas & innocence news  prosecutors moved to dismiss all charges against Michael Scott and Robert Springsteen.  The State accused the pair of raping and killing four teenage girls in 1991.  Mr. Springsteen ended up on death row.  Stand Down Texas has the skinny.  While plausible assertions of factual innocence have never been a bar to being executed in Texas, this prosecution looks to be over.

The Council of the American Law Institute (ALI)  withdrew that portion of the  Model Penal Code concerning capital punishment in light of the "current intractable institutional and structural obstacles to ensuring a minimally adequate system for administering capital punishment."   The scheduled death of Paul Beasley Johnson has been placed on indefinite hold by the Florida Supreme Court because of “significant issues raised” in Johnson’s appeal regarding prosecutorial misconduct. The New Hampshire death penalty study has begun.  In Maryland, despite defense efforts, prosecutors won't be called to testify on  case selection methods for death penalty prosecutions. The Arkansas Supreme Court has ruled in Arkansas Department of Correction v. Frank Williams, Jr. (08-1031) upholding that State's lethal injection statute.

Commentators note Smith v. Spisak, recently argued, appears to have gone to the executioner.  Biddish Sarma at A Criminal Enterprise notes   that “[w]hen the Court agreed to hear the case, those concerned with the rights of criminal defendants shuddered, particularly because the Supreme Court had already remanded the case once before in 2007.. . . By all accounts – before and after oral argument – it appears the defendant (and the Sixth Circuit) should brace for a ruling that puts him back under a sentence of death.”

The Louisiana Disciplinary Board recently recommended dismissal of all disciplinary charges lodged against Baton Rouge criminal-defense lawyer Kevin P. Monahan, In re Monahan, 08-DB-050 (LADB HC Oct. 9, 2009). Permanent disbarment was sought for the putative incompetent pro bono representation of Walter “Joey” Koon in a 1995 death-penalty trial in East Baton Rouge Parish by counsel. The hearing committee found, however, that Mr. Monahan’s representation was consistent with then-prevailing (albeit low) Louisiana standards for capital defense in the 1993-1995 time frame. Dane Ciolino has more.

DPIC notes
The University of Missouri-Kansas City Law Review recently published a symposium issue of Death Penalty Stories, highlighting the role of the narrative in the defense of death penalty cases. The compilation includes contributions from litigators who have used persuasive narrative in support of a life sentence. Russell Stetler’s The Unknown Story of a Motherless Child chronicles the case of Edgar H., who was convicted of killing four men in California. Edgar’s traumatic childhood was influential in negotiating a sentence of life instead of death. Dr. Craig Haney’s article, On Mitigation as Counter-Narrative: A Case Study of the Hidden Context of Prison Violence, introduces the concept of the "master narrative," the official story--often laden with inflammatory rhetoric--that public officials supply to the media and that sets the stage for a capital trial ending in a death sentence. Haney argues that “more accurate information about the role of adverse social histories and powerful social conditions" might lead to more informed public debate over the utility of capital punishment.
Recently, two separate email editions were sent out almost simultaneously. The title of the first email was cases since September 21, 2009. The title of the second email was cases since October 5, 2009. These two emails cover case law from different weeks. My sincerest apologies for any confusion caused by our tech problems. As always, thanks for reading. - k
Pending Executions 
November
5 Khristian Oliver* (Texas)
10 Yosvanis Valle* (Texas)
10 John Allen Muhammad* (Virginia)
17 Gerald Eldridge* (Texas)
17 Larry  Elliott* (Virginia)
18 Danielle Simpson*  (Texas)(V)
19 Robert Thompson* (Texas)

December
2 Cecil Johnson Jr.* (Tenn)
3 Bobby Woods& Texas)
9 Devin Banks (Tenn)

Recent Stays & Reprieves

October    
5 Larry  Elliott* (Virginia)(reprieve until at least mid-November)
9 Lawrence Reynolds, Jr.* (Ohio)
22 Christopher Kennedy (Penn)

November
4  Paul Johnson* (FL)
10 Darryl Durr* (Ohio)

December
8 Kenneth Biros * (Ohio)

Recent Executions
October
8 Max Payne* (Alabama)
20 Mark McClain* (GA)
27 Reginald Blanton* (Texas)
* "serious" execution date / (s) stay believed likely / (V) Volunteer / note this list may exclude any recently added execution date
(note that none of the Pennsylvania dates listed are likely actual execution dates)

Supreme Court

  • Joseph Corcoran v. Levenhagen,   2009 U.S. LEXIS 7479 (10/20/2009) "Seventh Circuit erred in reversing a grant of habeas relief to a death row inmate on one claim without addressing the other claims and directing a denial of the writ on remand, thus, the judgment was vacated and remanded for the Seventh Circuit to explain why such consideration was unnecessary or allow the district court to address those claims." [via LexisOne]

Week of October 26, 2009 In Favor of the State or Government (initial list)

  • Cory Maples v. Allen, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 23580 (11th Cir 10/26/2009) (dissent) Relief denied on claims relating to whether "(1) Maples’s ineffective-assistance claims were procedurally defaulted because Maples did not timely file an appeal of the dismissal of his Rule 32 petition; (2) even if Maples’s default were the result of his three post-conviction counsel’s failing to file a Rule 32 appeal, such ineffectiveness could not establish cause for the default because there is no constitutional right to post-conviction counsel; and (3) the Alabama appellate courts’ decisions that Maples was not entitled to a sua sponte jury instruction on manslaughter due to voluntary intoxication was not contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, clearly established federal law." Dissent argues the procedural bar at issue is not “firmly established and regularly followed.”

  • State v. Gerald Bordelon,  2009 La. LEXIS 2968 (La. 10/16/09) "[W]e have granted defendant's motion to waive his direct appeal, and because our Rule 28 review reveals that the death penalty imposed on defendant is not excessive, the appeal of his conviction for first degree murder and sentence of death is hereby dismissed."
  • Paul Ezra Rhoades v. State , No. 35021 (Ida 10/19/2009) "Three main issues are presented on appeal: First, whether the grounds raised by Rhoades allow for equitable tolling of the limitation provided by I.C. § 19-4902; second, for grounds that would entitle him to equitable tolling, whether Rhoades has met his burden of pleading facts that would entitle him to that equitable tolling; and finally, whether this appeal was frivolous and whether, as a result, the state is entitled to an award of attorney fees.

Week of October 26, 2009 Other (initial list)

  • In re Std. Jury Instructions,   2009 Fla. LEXIS 1806 (FL 10/26/2009) Modification of the penalty phase sentencing instruction in light of the ABA's recommendations on Florida's death penalty.

Week of October 19, 2009 In Favor of the Accused or Condemned

  • Kim McMichen v. Hall,  2009 Ga. LEXIS 640 (GA 10/19/2009) "[T]he habeas court was correct to deny McMichen relief based on his argument that his trial was unfair because he was denied funds to hire expert witnesses.. . . [T]he denial of the experts did not affect the outcome of the trial. However, the state Supreme Court has determined that the habeas court failed to address another issue: whether the prosecution presented perjured testimony through a jailhouse snitch. At trial, Gibson Williams said he‟d not been promised anything by the State in return for his testimony against McMichen. But at the habeas hearing, Williams said the opposite. “This Court could affirm despite this omission by the habeas court if we could conclude that, even assuming the prosecution knowingly presented false testimony, there is no „reasonable likelihood that the false testimony could have affected the judgment of the jury,‟” the 26-page opinion says about the lower court‟s failure to address the claim. “However, we cannot reach that conclusion.” A jury considering whether to sentence someone to life or death 'may decline to impose a death sentence for any reason or no reason at all.” Therefore, the state Supreme Court has vacated the habeas court‟s denial of McMichen‟s petition for a writ of habeas corpus, “and the case is remanded for explicit findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding the allegedly-false trial testimony of Gibson Williams and for a new ruling on whether McMichen is entitled to a writ of habeas corpus.'" 
  • Anthony Doss v. State,  2009 Miss. LEXIS 510 (Miss 10/22/2009) "Doss asserts that defense counsel [ ] failed to properly investigate the available mitigating evidence and presented only one witness in mitigation at the penalty phase. retardation.  If Doss' trial counsel had reviewed the records provided by the public defender's office in Shelby County and had followed up with potential witnesses, he would have  uncovered mitigating evidence almost identical to that in Rompilla."

Week of October 19, 2009 In Favor of the State or Government

  • Paul Ezra Rhoades v. State,  2009 Ida. LEXIS 187 (Ida 10/19/2009) Relief denied on "A. Whether the district court correctly denied Rhoades's motion to amend his petition for post-conviction relief to add a count alleging a Brady violation under Idaho Code 19-2719." and "B. Whether the district court correctly denied Rhoades's motion to amend his petition to add an "actual-innocence" count under Idaho Code  19-2719."
  • Paul Ezra Rhoades v. State , No. 35021 (Ida 10/19/2009) "Three main issues are presented on appeal: First, whether the grounds raised by Rhoades allow for equitable tolling of the limitation provided by I.C. § 19-4902; second, for grounds that would entitle him to equitable tolling, whether Rhoades has met his burden of pleading facts that would entitle him to that equitable tolling; and finally, whether this appeal was frivolous and whether, as a result, the state is entitled to an award of attorney fees.
  • State v. Shedrab Williams,  2009 La. LEXIS 2973 (LA 10/20/2009) "[T]he primary issue at the guilt phase of trial, as well as the penalty phase of trial, was defendant's 'mental capacity' at the time of the offense. Defendant changed his plea to not guilty and not guilty by reason of insanity, and therefore sought to prove at trial that he was legally insane at the time he killed [the victims]. What transpired at the guilt phase, however, was not simply testimony as to whether or not defendant was insane at the time of the offense, but also what diminished mental capacity he may have been experiencing at the time of the offense and whether he is mentally retarded, issues more properly presented to the jury in the penalty phase of the trial. However, neither party made any objection to taking the testimony of the expert witnesses for the defense and the state in this manner, i.e., entirely within the guilt phase of trial. Indeed, it was the defense that introduced defendant's expert's testimony at the guilt phase as to insanity, diminished capacity, and mental retardation. Though these issues were all addressed contemporaneously by counsel and the witnesses during the  taking of the testimony, we point out that the jury was clearly and properly charged by the district court as to the distinct issues it was to determine at the guilt phase (insanity) and at the penalty phase (mental retardation and mitigating circumstances). Therefore, as discussed more fully below, we do not find the jurors were confused on the issues or the evidence before them. At any rate, with the understanding that the testimony of the defendant's expert encompassed insanity, mental retardation, diminished capacity, and mitigation, we will address the assignments of error concerning the not guilty by reason of insanity defense and the mental retardation defense in that order."
  • John Steven Gardner v. State, 2009 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1441 (Tex Crim App 10/21/2009) " Defendant argued, inter alia, that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his conviction. The court of criminal appeals disagreed. The evidence showed that defendant drove to the victim's isolated rural home, used his extra key to open the front door, walked down to the bedroom to confront the victim sitting up in bed, shot her through the right temple, took the house keys from her purse hanging on the bedpost, locked the front door as he left, put the victim's keys into the tool box in the victim's truck, stopped at a ditch two to three miles down the road (perhaps to throw his extra set of keys into the ditch), and then drove back to Mississippi. The victim, meanwhile, was still conscious enough to put on her robe, which was hanging on the bedpost, look outside to see defendant departing in the white truck with Mississippi plates, and then call 911 to summon an ambulance. The evidence was both legally and factually sufficient to prove that defendant murdered the victim while in the course of committing burglary." [via LexisOne]
  • Cerron Thomas Hooks v. Branker, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 23374 (4th Cir 10/23/2009) (unpublished) Relief denied on claims relating to whether a key witness's "recantation [ ] renders him innocent of the death penalty;"  ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to adequately cross examine key state's witnesses; and "North Carolina's 'especially heinous, atrocious, or cruel' aggravating factor and the jury instruction that the trial judge gave on it were unconstitutionally vague and failed to limit the jury's discretion."

Week of October 19, 2009 Other
  • Jomekia Dechelle Pope v. State, 2009 Ga. LEXIS 628 (GA 10/19/2009) "[T]he Georgia Supreme Court has concluded 'that the trial court erred by unjustifiably ordering Pope to undergo a psychological examination.' The high court has also ruled that the lower court was wrong to throw out the felony murder charge against Pope. And it reminds the trial court that the admission of hearsay statements made by the alleged victim to an officer about a previous alleged incident of domestic violence would violate Pope‟s constitutional right to confrontation if he objects, because the statements were made when there was no longer an ongoing emergency."

Week of October 12, 2009 In Favor of the State or Government 

  •  Coy Wesbrook v. Thaler, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 22422 (5th Cir 10/13/2009) "In a capital habeas matter, denial of the habeas petition is affirmed where: 1) there was no reasonable probability that the outcome of the punishment phase would have been different if the jury had been presented with evidence that petitioner had "frontal lobe" damage; 2) violation of petitioner's Sixth Amendment right to counsel through the use of an undercover informant did not have a substantial and injurious effect on the verdict at the punishment phase; and 3) the record did not support petitioner's contention that the trial judge acted in a dual role as both investigator and adjudicator." [via FindLaw]


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OPEN RESEARCH DATA: Search terms for the weekly are "capital habeas" or "capital postconviction" or "DEATH PENALTY" OR "CAPITAL MURDER" OR "SENTENCED TO DEATH" OR "PENALTY PHASE" OR "SPECIAL QUESTIONS" or "SENTENCE OF DEATH" OR "DEATH SENTENCE" or "capital punishment" or "witherspoon"- please note, however, the terms "overproduce" results, including all federal habeas corpus opinions. Execution and other news information derived from Rick Halperin, DPIC, Steve Hall & media accounts. Thx - karl keys